Reasons for this disease
There could not find any exact reason to some stones. If the density of urine is high, it is a higher possibility to make a stone. Most of kidney stones are created by Calcium. There are some diseases which increase the density of Calcium, oxalatee, uric acid. Such people have a more possibility of stone formation. Some kinds of medicine also increase the ability of stone formation. (I.e. Some medicine use for cancers, medicine for AIDS)
Kidneys act as blood filters. They remove waste compounds in blood. Such compounds transport to bladder through uriters. Therefore large number of waste compounds are dissolved in urine. In some cases we can see formation of stones by those waste compounds.
Tendency of stone forming
If someone have common urinary diseases, pains, have any distortion in kidneys, have kidney stones to relations it is a higher possibility of stone forming.
Symptoms
Sometimes there is no any symptom. Symptoms are pains generate from side of the stomach and drives to groin, sweat in higher amounts, vomiting in yellow color, blood with urine (urine may be brown/red), urine infections, pain in urination, increase the rate of urination, fever, etc.
Confusion
Swelling of kidneys, passive kidneys (a long term existing of a stone), frequent urine infections.
Treatments
Identification can be done by using special X-ray scanning. There are several kinds of treatments such as laser treatments, microwave treatments and surgeries. In the beginning stones are in small size and can be exit through urine. It is very important to drink more water.
Avoid
If you have it once you may be a victim of another. Therefore drink more water and liquids to decrease the urine concentration/density. Drink even 8 glasses of water daily. Decrease the consuming of meat, tomato (food with more oxalate salts), coffee and alcohol. Take more vegetables, fruits and greens.